Importance of a Small Class Size Essay

Wenyan Dong Writing 6 First draft Causes and Effects of Reducing Class Size Improving the quality of education becomes common trend today. People have made many ways to support education. Most of schools reduce the size of class that make more chances for students and teachers to communicate face to face. The reducing of class result from some courses and also makes some effects to teachers and students. The first significant cause is the attention from teachers is not equal to different grade students. Small class had origin in early years. Follow the increasing of population, small size class has become bigger. Recent research reveals that there were 50†60 students in one class, but Just one or two teachers advise class. It means that one teacher Just pay a little patient for each student in presentation, speech, question, and homework. Thus, many teachers pay more attention on students who have prefect grade and ignore students who have a low grade. It is not equal to low grade students because they pay same tuition and fee to school also study hard.. In addition, teachers who teach in a big class have to take a lot of work after class and exhaust them. They have to correct students’ homework for a long time. Also students ask many question after class if they do not understand, however, it exhaust teachers’ energy and patient and they don’t have enough time and disable to answer each question to each students. As a result, student could not get help immediately. Meanwhile, environment in class is important. Teachers could not control teaching environment in big class, because it is difficult to make students keep quiet and concentrate on blackboard whole time. Also students do not have enough personal environments, because it is crowd, usually two students have to share one big desk on big class, hence, there are no room for other hings but book. Due to those causes, it would decrease the quality of education, at the same time, lost a lot of labor cost, also waste time and money of students and parents. Thus, school reducing the size of class. It could make more time for teacher work for each student; furthermore, teacher can communicate with student face to face. In addition, it could make study environment better for students. Consequently, teachers who teach in small class do not need to do many assignments after class, even if they also need to make a correction about students’ homework, but they may have more time to be a tutor and help students who do not nderstand in the class. Meanwhile teacher could focus on the question for each student that would be equal for every student. Moreover, on being assigned to smaller classes, teacher reported that class atmosphere is better, that students could receive more individualized attention and that the teachers have more flexibility to use instructional approaches and assignments. To sum up, reducing the class size is inescapably. It leads to higher achievement of students and make more time improve the quality of education, but also make students and teachers keep touch closely. Therefore, reducing class size is good way for students and teachers.

Mgt 510

People Management, the Mantra for Success: The Case of Singhania and Partner Jameelah Richardson Dr. Finn MGT 510 September 10, 2012 In this paper we will discuss the case of Singhania and Partner. We would examine the case of Singhania and Partners and evaluate the organization’s strategy. Next we would evaluate each of the five IHRM practices with respect to recruitment and selection, training for cross-cultural adaptation, management development, evaluation, and compensation. Later we will discuss which of the five practices can be approved.Afterwards, we would make recommendations to management to successfully improve the current IHRM strategy. Finally, we would explain how the recommended changes impact the organization in the industry. Examine the Case of Singhania and Partners and Evaluate the Organization’s Strategy Singhania & Partners is known as a full service national law firm. This firm is known for being successful with international corporate and comm ercial, litigation, and arbitration and intellectual property in law. The company was founded by Ravi Singhania and Manju Mohorta.Ravi Singhania was the founder and managing partner while Mohorta was the Chief Executive. Both Ravi and Manu were concerned about the HR practices currently used by the firm and if the company faces human resource risks. It seemed that the firm is facing a high attrition rate in the Indian legal services industry and this is causing an alarming problem. There has been a shift between legal firms and partners. It seems the entry of foreign law firms into India could create more competition between law firms.They should focus more on gaining trust of their employees. Gaining the respect of your employees will create positive work environments and relationships within the firm. It would also deflate stress and uncertainty while being in that work environment. Evaluate Each of the Five IHRM Practices with Respect to Recruitment and Selection, Training for Cr oss-Cultural Adaptation, Management Development, Evaluation, and Compensation Recruitment of staff should be sought after a complete analysis of the job to be done.An analytical study would focus on the tasks that need to be performed to determine valuable factors. A written job description would be beneficial so the employer would know what physical and mental characteristics one should possess and what qualities and attitudes are desirable. The  Recruitment and Selection Process  is one of the basic HR Processes. Recruitment and Selection is very sensitive as many managers have a need to hire a new employee and this process is always under a strict monitoring from their side.The  Recruitment and Selection Process  must be simple and must be robust enough to operate excellently in the moment of the insufficient number of candidates on the job market and the process must be also able to process a large number of candidates within given time limit (Richards, 2008). Cross-cult ural training encompasses a combination of translation, instructional design and cultural adaptation, each of which is required to convey new concepts to a target audience in another country.Simply translating training material will not work, as it fails to take into account the cultural factors that influence the trainees' perceptions (Smith, 2004). With Management development, you must look at the strategy of the organization and address that there are well trained managers in play to ensure the organization is on the right path of completing their goals. Basically an evaluation / appraisal scheme is a formalization of what is done in a more casual manner anyway (e. g. if there is a vacancy, discussion about internal moves and internal attempts to put square pegs into ‘squarer holes' are both the results of casual evaluation).Most managers approve merit payment and that too calls for evaluation, made a standard routine task, it aids the development of talent, warns the ineff icient or uncaring and can be an effective form of motivation (Richards, 2008). Compensation Strategy  is one of the most important strategies in the HRM function as it influences the costs of the organization and potential bad decision can lead to very serious damages to the organization (Richards, 2008). Discuss which of the Five Practices can be improved In my opinion, both recruitment and selection and compensation could be improved.Today, a lot of people are chosen for a job on how they look or because they know someone which isn’t fair to the person who actually has the experience to complete the job. Even if you don’t have that much experience for the job but your educational background introduces you to what the job entails you should still be giving a chance to perform at your best. Most college students are not giving a chance to start a job in their major because you’re expected to have 5 to 7 years’ experience early on but how do you obtain that if you’re learning the basics of what is expected in that particular field?I feel if you were introduce to what the field entails then you should be given a chance to perform the task either way you will be trained to do that job right? Compensation is the most important factor in HR yet employees work hard and get compensated less. It seems that organizations put so many stipulations into play to get compensated that once you receive it you’re like I did all of this for that what was the point?If you expect your employees to perform at their best level and keep that same drive every month, compensation should be both a reachable and achievable goal so in the end everybody wins the employer, employee, and the organization as a whole. Make Recommendations to Management to Successfully Improve the Current IHRM Strategy International Human Resource Management Strategy (IHRM) is the recruitment, selection, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation, and labor relations (Cullen, 2011).Management needs to be cautious of who they’re choosing to complete the task at hand. Education and experience should play in major part in the recruitment and selection process. With college students, they are aware of what the job is and what it entails but in order for the individual to complete the job the way you want it you must train them. Afterwards, then evaluate them on their performance to determine if they’re a right fit for the organization. Compensation must improve and employees should be acknowledge for the hard work that is put in day in and day out.If employees feel their being treated with the upmost respect, receiving job recognition and compensation for what they’re doing production would be meeting or exceeding the organization’s expectation and everyone wins. Explain how the Recommended Changes Impact the Organization in the Industry Managers can build trust by demonstrating that they are guided b y ethical standards and beliefs and then by exhibiting behaviors that are consistent with those standards and beliefs. A variety of conditions and factors can enhance employee trust.Four of the most important are credibility, integrity, reliability, and commitment (Smith, 2004). In conclusion, employee trust is generally something that is earned over time. Building trust can be difficult but it is much easier to lost it through inconsistent behavior and lack of commitment. By enhancing employee trust Singhania ;amp; Partners will become the most consistent firm. References Cullen, John B. ;amp; Parboteeah, Praveen (2011) Multinational Management Richards, Sam (2008) HRM Advice Smith, Jeanine (2006) V ;amp; L International

Hunting the First Hominid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hunting the First Hominid - Essay Example on a Y.† The explicit pathway of evolution can be traced only through fossil records of extinct species located by paleoanthropologists, who track hominids backward in time. The emergence of the first hominid is confirmed by radiometric dates to be a period between 5 million and 7 million years ago. As all early hominids are African, it is also accepted that the First Hominid lived in Africa. However, finding out the definitive new adaptation that transformed a particular primitive species into the First Hominid is difficult. Based on essential hominid adaptation, it may be assumed that the identification of the First Hominid may be founded on the following unique hominid characteristics, which are key features that differentiate apes from hominids : hominids are essentially bipedal; hominids are apelike creatures that have lost their sexual dimorphism; hominids have thick dental enamel; Hominids are hand-graspers or manipulators, with long, opposable thumbs and big toes that are closely aligned with the remaining short, straight toes. On this basis, a description of the First Hominid may read like this: â€Å"An ape-brained and small-canined creature, with dental enamel of unknown thickness. Large if male but smaller if female. May be spotted climbing adeptly in trees or walking bipedally on the ground. Last seen in Africa between 5 million and 7 million years ago.† There are two contenders for the title of First Hominid. In 2001, Yohannes Haile-Selassie of the University of California, Berkeley, discovered a specimen in Ethiopian sediments between 5.2 million and 5.8 million years old, named Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba, which means â€Å"root ape.† The specimen includes more than 20 teeth, pieces of two left humeri, a partial ulna, a partial clavicle, a half of one finger bone and a complete toe bone. The second contender is the 6 million-year-old Orrorin tugenensis, or â€Å"original man,† found by a joint French-Kenyan team headed by Brigitte Senut of the

Depression and Care for the Elderly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Depression and Care for the Elderly - Essay Example It is possible to have depression rated as higher because of the similarity of some of the symptoms between depression and dementia. Geriatric psychiatric studies have shown a relationship between prefrontal cortex function and successful treatment of geriatric depression1. Geriatric patients who had a positive result during depression screening were studied to determine the pharmacological impact on their recovery. 110 depressed geriatric patients (over age 60) were treated with medication after an assessment that tested the pre-frontal cortex function (to establish a baseline). After three months the study group was reevaluated and a correlation between higher pre-frontal cortex function and depression remission levels was made2. The study showed that depression in the elderly can be diagnosed and successfully treated. The study also showed a relationship between prefrontal cortex function and depression and may indicate a secondary way to identify depression in the elderly (especi ally non-verbal patients). Detecting depression in the elderly is no easy task because of the reluctance to self-report. In addition to the standard characteristics of depression (ie. insomnia, sadness, and loss of self worth), elderly patients may show signs of over concern about bodily aches and pains. Some symptoms of old age (loss of appetite and weight loss) are also symptoms of depression. Obviously, if one is diagnosed with depression and the treatment (medications and/or talk therapy) works, that would confirm the diagnosis. Appendix A contains a typical screening for depression in the elderly. Elderly that suffer from depression often don't take good care of themselves. As their self-care drops so does their compliance level when it comes to medication and diet. This group reports as having a higher incidence of suicide and suicidal ideation than the general population. Studies have shown that suicides in the elderly often use highly lethal methods and are successful more often than in the general population3. This same study found that 20% of elderly patients that committed suicide had seen their health care provider within the 24 hours prior to the suicide, 41% within a week, 75% within one month. This indicates that geriatric practitioners should screen for depression and suicidal ideation at each patient visit rather than a random screen or no screen at all. There is a higher incidence of depression among elderly that are caring for an elderly spouse4. These caregivers often feel older than their age. "Caregivers for impaired spouses experience a kind of distress that isn't easily measured," Kiecolt-Glaser says5. The caregiver's in the study died at a higher rate than other seniors who were not caregivers. These caregivers would benefit from a screening program targeting those who provide ongoing care to their spouse. Teaching and learning strategies need to be in place to deal with depression in the elderly. Both the elderly and their caretakers need to be informed about the causes and symptoms of depression and how to get appropriate care. They also need to understand that they need not feel stigmatized by the diagnosis. Once depression is diagnosed, treatment and education should begin. Because depression lasts longer in the elderly and can hasten death from an existing illness, treatment needs to begin as soon

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Politics - Essay Example For one, expending tax payers’ money to sponsor such ends when America is still grappling with debt and is still reeling from the ravages of global economic recession betrays only the execution of misplaced priorities. Secondly, American schools are primarily supposed to be learning centers helping to inculcate life and professional skills among students. While a comprehensive learning curriculum should factor reproductive health, it should basically teach about reproductive health and leave the issuance of such services to the family institution (Coombs, 275). Again, the idea that (NYC) students under the age of 18 years can be provided with birth control pills and condoms without parents’ engagement is as preposterous as it is obnoxious. Parents ought to be involved or at least informed about underage students making such serious decisions. Finally and above all, such a move is tantamount to subtle consent to the idea that sexual restraint is impossible and it significantly but indirectly lowers the age of (sexual) consent. The best way of facilitating this change is forming a caucus that includes likeminded students, parents, members of the civil society and members of the Senate and Congress. The members of the Senate and Congress can then sponsor a bill seeking to reverse this policy. The barrier that will most likely be met is an opposition by other caucuses which are affiliated to Liberals or Democrats. As believers of free will, these liberal caucuses are likely to argue that the choice should be left to the underage (NYC)

Extinction of Species Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Extinction of Species - Research Paper Example The recent times have shown alarming increase in the extinction rates and the speed at which the endangered species are falling victim to the human activities. Considering this, need is felt for creating awareness, and taking solid steps in this regard to promote eco friendly activities and protect the wild life for activities as such that endanger them directly. This paper aims at highlighting the sources of problem, their consequences, and the solutions finally. Polar bears: The polar bears are characteristic feature and species of North Pole. With ever rising temperatures and melting ice glaciers, these polar bears are directly exposed to it and included in the list of extinct species. An inter related process which includes the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by human activities namely the transportation means and industries which are increasing the global temperature and directly affecting the North Pole temperatures. The rapid destruction of ozone layer is another means of extinction of animals and birds. Some animals like polar bear need severe cold temperatures and piles of glacier to survive. With increase in temperatures the toll falls directly on the sensitive creatures. As the population grows, the mankind expands its grip on different lands and areas which were once thick forests and house of wild life. As a result of all this, the wild life is getting compromised and their resorts are getting minimal every growing day. The population growth means more demand for land and apparently more forest cutting. The population of the earth is rising at a staggering rate and has surpassed a seven billion digit quite easily. With population rise arises a natural demand for space and human population utilization. Hence a direct threat and sword at the forests. With increase in population means increase in the demands, increase in the resources exploration and naturally disturbances of the natural stratosphere for fulfilling

The Impact of Markets and the Division of Labour on Social Cohesion Essay

The Impact of Markets and the Division of Labour on Social Cohesion - Essay Example This paper seeks to find out if markets and the division of labour encourage or discourage social cohesion. Impacts A market can be described as a destination for goods or services intended for sale. This market is composed of customers who are people that are willing and able to purchase the goods or services that are being sold. Social cohesion refers to the ability of people to articulate or embrace each other and co-exist peacefully (Council of Europe 67). It also refers to the ability of various groups of people to hold firmly together consistently. Scholars have revealed that markets and division of labour have had a substantial impact on social cohesion in the current society. Division of labour has led to the separation of markets and employment through the differentiation and separation of production processes (Furze, Savy, Brym & Lie 55). Instead of producing similar goods and services, the various labourers in the market are sub-divided and allowed to deal with the various specialties of the production processes so as to meet the various market demands. An example of this is a shift from mixed farming to either crop or animal production as separate production lines or dividing the entire work of an organization into different work units, each dealing with a specific task. This shift in the production processes seemingly separates people from coming together and engaging in the production process as a larger group. In a manufacturing industry for example, the work units will be organized around the skill requirements for the various steps of production and marketing like product production, packaging, IT management, sales and marketing, customer relations among others. This gives the impression that division of labour discourages social cohesion. However, a closer look on the mechanisms of division of labour reveals it encourages social cohesion both local and globally through the development of the need to exchange and which in turn brings people tog ether (Council of Europe 117). This is to say that division of labour encourages the need for trade. One country could choose to specialize in producing and supplying a given product basing on their natural and capital, for example oil and gas. On the same note, another country will produce tyres and apparel. Such a situation definitely generates some form of dependency in which case the two countries need each other. The one producing oil and gas needs tyres and apparel and the one producing apparel and tyres needs oil and gas. This gives a picture of the processes of imports and exports that is seen in today’s society. In other words, division of labour defines the lines of production and this means that no person will produce all that they need in life. This creates some deficiencies of the products that a person does not produce and thus the need to obtain it from others. After an examination of division of labour, Smith (25) concluded that unlike the savage or the ancien t man, the modern man/woman is highly dependent on the labour of others to satisfy his/her full range of wants. This structure of satisfying human wants has resulted to the need to focus attention to the importance of exchange and therefore the need for increased human interactions both locally and globally. Through international exchanges like imports and exports, people across the globe have been able to come together, interact and co-exist

Aircraft Performance Reassessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aircraft Performance Reassessment - Essay Example The flight span is anywhere from around 50 to 500 feet above the ground. Aircrafts fly wing-tip to wing-tip at speeds greater than 500 miles per hour. This report describes the aircraft of the model, Cassutt 3m, a formula one racing aircraft. The Cassutt 3m is a model of a Formula One racing aircraft that is fit with various specifications that make it suitable for racing on a track. Its engine and aerobatic features are unique and subscribe to the general requirements of track racing (Filippone, 2006). The safety and the loading features enable it to maneuver bends without the risk of causing accidents. The aircraft is run by the Continental 0-200 engine that saves on consumption of fuel. This aircraft runs at a terrific speed of 185-200 MPH whilst consuming 6 gallons of fuel hourly (Filippone, 2013). Like other racing aircrafts, Cassutt 3m has high aerobatic features enabling it to attain high climb rates of about 3700 feet per climb. Cassutt 3m prominently features in Formula One World Racing Championships. Its unique features make it adaptable to the Formula One Racing Championship that exhibits a show of acrobatic maneuvers in aircrafts (Saarlas & Maido, 2006). Visible features that make this aircraft effective in air racing include the structure of winglets that minimizes drag and thus improving lift coefficient. The stretch of pilot’s cockpit is characteristic to Cassutt 3m and differs from other racing aircrafts (Saarlas & Maido, 2006). Steel tubes, fabrics, and composites comprise components making up lower and upper fuselages of this aircraft. The landing gears are made up of spring steel and spring aluminum cantilevers. The overall design of Cassutt 3m is unique and differs from the design of normal airplanes. The design of the wing is inimitable and has attracted praises over the years. Cassutt 3m maneuvers across the lands like any normal small plane reaching destinations.  

Machiavelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Machiavelli - Essay Example The philosopher believes that a real leader should be cunning as diplomacy as well as war needs this quality. Machiavelli also stresses that rulers should be compassionate but cruel whenever it is necessary. The thinker states that the leader should â€Å"desire to be considered clement and not cruel† but he also â€Å"ought to take care not to misuse this clemency† (Machiavelli 40). Of course, the leaders should be compassionate, which usually results in people’s support. However, to maintain order in the country, it is often important to display certain degree of cruelty to make people respect and even fear the leader. In conclusion, it is possible to note that Machiavelli stresses that the leader should be able to keep the balance between strength and craft, cruelty and compassion. According to the philosopher, the ruler will be able to gain respect and support of his people if he can use force, show compassion, keep the word, and even be able to use craft, as the consequence is more important than the tools

Development strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Development strategy - Assignment Example These are what the typical demand of occupiers is currently. Occupiers also challenge developers to meet their power load reduction goals. Therefore occupiers demand that developers ensure that they meet modern mandates and energy conservation goals. They must therefore ensure transmission, generation, and distribution entities work together effectively. Occupiers also demand that available load demand side management assets are identified and unified and hosted DSM is provided for utilities throughout the distribution of infrastructure (Egan, 2002). Occupiers demand that energy requirements in buildings be reduced and sourced alternatively. They also need energy conservation solution with benefits such as: insight and visibility from generation to device unifying data throughout ecosystem of the energy; achieve compliance and reduction of load through the unified controls which execute and measure created diverse load control programs; cost savings through controlling peak charges; rapid adoption allowing utilities to participate in centralized programs; and future proofing with standard based system device agnostic supporting hardware legacy, data sources and applications. These demands must be met by developers. Analyses of how today’s energy requirements in buildings can be reduced and alternatively sourced. ... Another way to reduce energy demands and source energy alternatively is via the use of renewable energy generations to eliminate or reduce further their emissions of greenhouse gas in use. Evidence has it that buildings are responsible for around 45% of carbon dioxide emissions in the UK. Therefore good building designs can cut energy bills and carbon dioxide emissions by almost two third. Developers therefore need to incorporate renewable energy in order to give the buildings producing no net carbon dioxide in use. The Management of Energy and Water Efficiency in Federal Buildings has established a facility project management and benchmarking framework. This enables developers to identify all â€Å"covered facilities† constituting at least 75 percent of the energy of the building in use. The framework also demands that an energy manager be designated at every one building covered. Developers are encouraged to implement the identified water and energy efficiency measures. Deve lopers are mandated to ensure that their new buildings hit a long term zero net energy goal by 2025. New buildings also need to be located in places that regulate its illumination and temperatures, for example around hills, landscaping and trees in order to block wind and provide shade. In addition, buildings in cooler climates should be designed with south facing windows so as to increase the amount heat energy (sun) that enters the building. This minimizes the use of energy through maximization of passive solar heating (Egan, 2002). Reducing energy requirement is a demand that is typical with occupiers, who also need the energy to be sourced from alternative means. In order to reduce energy

A View From The Bridge Essay Example for Free

A View From The Bridge Essay The street and house-front of a tenement building. The front is skeletal entirely. The main acting area is the living-room-dining-room of Eddies apartment. It is a workers flat, clean, sparse, homely. There is a rocker down front; a round dining-table at centre, with chairs; and a portable phonograph.  At the back are a bedroom door and an opening to the kitchen; none of these interiors is seen.  At the right, forestage, a desk. This is Mr Alfieris law office.   There is also a telephone booth. This is not used until the last scenes, so it may not be covered or left in view. A stairway leads up to the apartment, and then farther up to the next storey, which is not seen.  Ramps, representing the street, run upstage and off to the right and left.  Arthur Miller, born in 1915, wrote this play in 1955. It is set in Brooklyn, New York, in the late 1940s. Its main focus is on an Italian-American family, and the issues they face. It has a strong pedigree with an American immigrant story base. The view from the bridge is in a way the audience sitting on the fence watching the merging of this American culture dissolving the passions and identities of its inhabitants. Characters  He introduces us to the following characters:  Alfieri is used as the narrator of the play. He guides the audience along with background information, and towards the unfolding events with an unbiased overview. He helps to give us a balanced opinion of each of the characters.  Eddie is the writers symbol. He is the main focus, the protagonist, to each of the characters (his relationship with Beatrice falls apart, his true feelings for Catherine are revealed, jealousy of Rodolpho and Marcos rival). Beatrice seems to be the link to all of the important characters (the wife of Eddie, aunt of Catherine, and cousin to the immigrants Rodolpho and Marco). She keeps the peace between them, and shows deep emotion for each of them.  Catherine, otherwise referred to as Katie, is a young adult of 17. She realizes the need for her to act like shes a lady and to find her own life, take charge and do what she wants to do.  Rodolpho is the life of the play, loving life and having a big personality. He finds another problem, besides Eddies opposition to him, because of his talents to sing, cook and sew that leads others to think he is a homosexual. Marco plays the antagonist that in the end kills Eddie. His quiet character suspiciously passes through the play pre-occupied with other thoughts. He tries to keep the peace within the families, but in the end he challenges Eddies authority.  Millers use of language for the characters has an effect on how we see progress of the characters psychologically; whether they develop a sense of doom, love, jealousy or betrayal. Marco talks about his family back in Italy, the older one is sick in his chest. My wife she feeds them from her own mouth. I tell you the truth they eat the sunshine, giving us a sense of his background, personality and his opinions. Catherine really demonstrates how naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve she is through her speech. She states, I dont understand Please, tell me Well I forgot, and they are all examples of how her character is innocent and young in mind, and doesnt understand things going on around her that she should be able to comprehend. Stage directions make an even greater impact on the performance. Each character has their own style, and way of carrying themselves, which adds to the believability and realism of the stage show. A particularly good impression of this is in Act Two where the Immigration Officers come to take away the illegal immigrants, otherwise known as Beatrices cousins. We can really see the emotions of the characters flooding out, CATHERINE stands motionless, uncomprehending staring at him in a realized horror. This can raise the tension in the audience, absorbing them into the world that the act creates. It also has more of an impact; for instance, Miller could have written, MARCO walks freely to EDDIE and spits, but instead he wrote, MARCO suddenly breaks free from the group and dashes into the room and faces EDDIE MARCO spits into EDDIEs face. Stage This is basically how I imagine the stage to be set up according to the description at the beginning of Act One. It is quite spaced out, giving the audience a larger area to watch, to keep their attention for longer. What is put on the stage and the size of each area is important to create the realism of the drama. Millers use of props in the play is very specific and limited, as I mentioned before. Arthur Miller very effectively describes and includes only essential play details. This gives those performing a chance to add individual characteristics through extra props. The layout describes only the indispensable parts and props of the stage. Throughout the play, one by one, we see the relevance of each bit to the plot:  Ã‚  Now CATHERINE gets up and puts a record on the phonograph Paper Doll. This is where the phonograph in their apartment plays an important role, as Catherine uses it to challenge Eddies authority by dancing with Rodolpho, or Rodolpho with Catherine. The main story of how the personalities of these characters clash or merge happen at the dining table. It is the place where they discuss oranges are orange and lemons are green. Eddie implies that Rodolpho is hiding his sexuality, trying to be someone hes not; by saying that they paint the oranges to make them look orange.  The rocking chair comes into focus especially when Eddie is distressed, contemplating or when hes going crazy over his unhealthy obsession with Catherine, possibly symbolizing his feelings or attitude at the time. EDDIE is alone in the rocker, rocking back and forth in little surges, explains Eddies emotions. So, although these objects are mentioned only once or twice, they play a big part in setting the atmosphere and emphasizing details rather than having them said, also being effective as they are few.  The lights show the change of scenes, especially on Alfieri, when events unfold. The lights have gone down, leaving him in a glow, while behind the dull prayers of the people and keening of the women continue, not only brings the focus off the dramas climax, but keeps the solemn mood of sorrow in the background. They also highlight important parts of the play, A phone booth beings to glow on the opposite side of the stage; a faint, lonely blue. It shows different places or areas of the stage. But it could have been used even more to explain certain times of the day, or feelings and emotions of specific characters.

Evaluation of Maladaptive Behavior Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of Maladaptive Behavior Essay Maladaptive behavior is commonly observed in children who have troubled family lives or low self esteem (Maladaptive Behavior, 2003). In this case, there could be several reasons that the child is exhibiting and engaging in maladaptive behavior related to his environment at home. Using a variety of theories of moral development as well as a question-answer evaluation of the parenting styles of the child’s parents, the maladaptive behavior seen in the child as well as a solution will try to be understood. Different types of maladaptive behavior are attributed to different problems. While most parents simply believe that their child is misbehaving, maladaptive behavior is usually classified in groupings such as attention-seeking or revengeful, behavior inappropriateness (Maladaptive Behavior, 2003). The child being observed exhibits both types of maladaptive behavior, which can most likely be explained by moral development theories and poor parenting. For the behaviors such as repeating swear words, throwing food on the floor, drawing on the walls, and screaming in public, it is most likely a result of a self esteem or attention-seeking issue. The child is trying to get in trouble to get attention from the parents (Maladaptive Behavior, 2003). The child knows these behaviors are bad as Kohlberg states, â€Å"younger school-aged children tend to think either in terms of concrete, unvarying rules†¦or in terms of the rules of society†(Feldman, 2011; p. 311). However, the child also knows that participating in these behaviors will result in attention from the parents. The child is obviously aware that these actions are not societally accepted because it is likely that they have not observed them in their teachers, parents or other powerful authority figures (Feldman, 2011). In this area of maladaptive behavior, it would seem that the parents might have an uninvolved parenting style. To determine if this is true, the parents should be asked questions about their involvement with the child and how concerned they are with aspects of his development other than their role as a provider. The following questions would suffice: Do you believe that your only job is to feed, clothe, and shelter your child? (Feldman, 2011) Is there any child abuse or neglect in the family? (Feldman, 2011) How involved with your child would you say you are on a day-to-day basic, specifically related to disciplining their behavior? (Feldman, 2011) These would all be important to ask because if their answers indicate that they are neglectful, uninvolved in disciplinary as well as other areas of development, or confused on their role as a parent, they may be uninvolved parents. According to the textbook, â€Å"Children whose parents show uninvolved parenting styles are the worst off†¦their parents’ lack of involvement disrupts their emotional development, leading them to feel unloved†(Feldman, 2011; p. 317). This could make them act out in an attempt to get the attention of their indifferent or detached parents. The reasons behind the child’s behavior of hitting other children in daycare and ignoring direct commands from parents may be more along the lines of revengeful maladaptive behavior as it is intentional causation of harm to another student or person (Maladaptive Behavior, 2003). According to Piaget, children in the heteronomous stage, which happens in the early years of childhood, believe in immanent justice, â€Å"the notion that rules that are broken earn immediate punishment†(Feldman, 2011; p. 309). For this child, it is possible that he does not understand that his behavior is unacceptable even if he is mad at another student. This is probably the result of permissive parenting by the parents. The student most likely has never known that his behavior is bad because permissive parents such as his â€Å"provide lax and inconsistent feedback†¦and place little or no limits or control on their childrens behavior† (Feldman, 2011; p.316). To determine if this is true of the parents’ style of discipline the following questions could be asked: Do you expect a lot from your child in the areas of behavior? Would you ever be punitive or clear and consistent in your limits with your child? It they answer that they have few expectations, would rarely limit their children, or are inconsistent with their discipline it is possible that their permissiveness is causing the child to act badly in school and disregard their correction when it is given. Based on the observation of the parenting styles the child sees at home as well as the information from the moral development theories, it is clear that the parents are most likely at fault for their child’s maladaptive behavior. If they want their child to correct his behavior, they should engage in more authoritative parenting as children raised in this parenting style â€Å"fare best†¦are independent, friendly with peers, and cooperative† (Feldman, 2011; p.317). The parent should, as a part of this parenting style, be firm and set clear and consistent limits on their children. Additionally, induction, or discipline paired with explanation, can also be used so the child knows what they did and why it was wrong and can correct it in the future (Lee, 2013). References Feldman, R.S. (2011). Life span development: A topical approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Lee, M. (2013, April 1). Class #28: Prosocial Behavior, Values, and Spirituality. GPSYCH 160: Life Span Human Development – Section 8. Lecture conducted from James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA. Maladaptive Behavior. (2003). Retrieved April 8, 2013, from http://disease.disease.com/Therapy/Behavior/maladaptive-behavior.html

PSO Based Algorithm for Optimal PMU Placement in KPTC

PSO Based Algorithm for Optimal PMU Placement in KPTC A PSO Based Cluster Formation Algorithm for Optimal PMU Placement in KPTCL First A. Author, Designation, Organization, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author, Jr., Designation, Organization Abstract— Power system state estimation with the exclusive deployment of synchronous phasor measurements demands that the system must be completely observable with PMUs only. Direct measurement of phase angles of current and voltage phasors are now possible by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). To have lesser number of PMUs, the placement problem in any network is considered as an optimization problem. This paper presents a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based cluster formation algorithm for optimal PMU placement. The proposed algorithm clusters the buses into many sub groups and the maximum connectivity bus is selected as the header bus. The PMU is placed on the header bus to manage the connected buses for complete system observability. This paper analyses the proposed algorithm for the following three cases: Without PMU loss, With single PMU loss, and Zero Injection Bus. The simulation results for IEEE bus and the KPTCL bus systems are presented and compared with the existing approaches. The proposed results show that the method is simple to implement and provide the accurate PMU placement. Index Terms— IEEE Bus, Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL), Optimal PMU Placement, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), and Power System State Estimation I. Introduction Power utilities are facing numerous threats of security of operation due to the over stressed power network in the today’s competitive power market scenario. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is an evaluating device which is used to measure the current and voltage. It uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) pulse to facilitate the synchronized measurements of real time phasors of currents and voltage. A power system is said to be recognizable when voltage phasors at all the buses are known. According to Ohm’s Law, if a PMU is placed at the bus, then the neighboring buses also become observable. Obviously, when PMUs are placed at all the buses of the network, and the measurements for all the PMUs are communicated to the control units, then the voltage phasors at all the buses would be known. This approach can change the traditional estimation to state measurement. PMUs are already installed in several utilities for various applications around the world such as state estimat ion, adaptive protection and system protection schemes. Other application fields include stability monitoring, Wide Area Monitoring and Control (WAMC) and efficient system utilization. In the traditional power systems, the buses are monitored using the conventional measurements from voltage and current transformers and the data are forwarded to the Energy Management System (EMS) through the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. It collects the real time measurements from the Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) placed in substations. This approaches are not able to monitor all the measurements across a wide area power system because the data are not time-synchronized [1]. PMUs are an essential part of smart grids and hence the rate of PMU installations are increasing. In the emerging technology, the major issue need to be addressed is the placement of PMUs, which is influenced by the anticipated system applications. The major factor limiting the number of PMU installations are their cost and the communication facilities. Hence, the cost and communication constraints of PMUs have been motivated the researchers to identify the minimal PMU installation for the anticipated applications. Placing PMUs on all buses of the power system results a complete observability of the system. Since, a bus is observed if a PMU is placed on it or some of its neighboring buses, it is neither economical nor necessary to carry put such installations. As a consequence, a problem called Optimal PMU Placement (OPP) problem has been occurs. The aim of this paper is to identify the optimal number of PMUs to make the KPTCL topologically observable. Here, a PSO based Clustering Algorithm is proposed to cluster the buses. The header bus is selected based on the maximum connectivity among the buses. The header bus is placed with the PMU to monitor the other connected buses. The PMU placement strategy confirms the system observability during the normal working conditions and also the single PMU failures. The proposed method is found to be simple, fast and accurate in computation. The proposed method is applied on IEEE-6, IEEE-7, IEEE-9, IEEE-14, IEEE-30 bus systems and KPTCL power maps for 28 bus, 127 bus and 155 bus systems to verify the proposed algorithm performance. The remaining part of the paper is organized as follows: Section II involves the works related to the existing algorithms for optimal PMU placement problem. Section III involves the description of the proposed PSO based cluster formation algorithm for optimal PMU placement. Section IV involves the performance analysis of the proposed work. The paper is concluded in Section V. II. Related Works With the number of PMUs estimated for installation in the near future, both the utilities and researchers are looking for the optimal solutions to their placement. The solutions for the optimal PMU placement problem can be classified into two types: mathematical and heuristic algorithms. Some of the existing works related to the optimal PMU placements are discussed. Integer programming is a mathematical programming approach for solving an optimization problem having integer design variables. Singh introduced an integer programming based methodology for the optimal placement of PMU. It reduces the cost of installation and facilitate the entire power system observability. The zero injection buses concept was used to further reduce the number of PMUs. Integer programming helps to provide multiple results if the neighboring buses to zero injection buses were not handled properly. The best results was selected based on the [2]. Fan and Watson proposed a multi-channel PMU placement problem and their solution. Here, a close relationship among the PMU placement problem and the classic combinatorial problem were identified [3]. Roy et al proposed an optimal PMU placement approach for power system observability. Here, a three stage optimal PMU placement method was formulated based on network connectivity information. Stage 1 and stage 2 of the algorithm iteratively estimate the less important bus locations to eliminate the PMUs and estimates where the PMUs were retained. The last stage reduces the number of PMUs using the pruning operation. The optimal set of PMU locations were obtained for network observability [4]. Manousakis and Korres designed a weighted least squares algorithm for optimal PMU placement. A quadratic minimization problem with continuous decision factors were formulated subject to the nonlinear observability constraints. The optimal solution was obtained by an unconstrained nonlinear weighted least squares method [5]. Mahari and Seyedi proposed a Binary Imperialistic Competition Algorithm (BICA) for optimal PMU placement. The zero injection bus was considered for all investigations to obta in the suitable answers. In addition to the traditional rules, new rule was also generated. It helps to reduce the number of PMUs placement [6]. Tai et al proposed a Random Component Outages (RCO) for optimal PMU placement for power system estimation. The optimal locations were chosen to reduce the state estimation and error covariance [7]. Sodhi et al presented an optimal PMU placement method for complete topological and numerical observability of power system. A two stage PMU placement approach was proposed. Stage 1 identifies the minimum number of PMUs to make the system topologically observable. Stage 2 was proposed to identify if the resulted PMU placement yields to a full ranked measurement Jacobian. A sequential elimination algorithm was proposed to identify the optimal locations of additional PMUs [8]. An Exhaustive search is an optimization technique which systematically enumerates all possible candidates for the solution. It chosen the candidate which satisfy the constraints at the optimum objective function value. It guaranteed the finding of the global optimum but it was not suitable for large scale systems with h uge search space. Azizi et al proposed an optimal PMU placement by an equivalent linear formulation for exhaustive search. The state estimation was implemented based on the complete linear placement [9]. Fei et al [10] discussed an optimal PMU placement based on the limited exhaustive approach. An approximately optimal PMU placement (AOPP) was established in order to identify the searching space. AOPP was deterministically retrieved by detailed power system state observability analysis. The notion of bus neighbor was defined to derive the searching space of limited exhaustive approach. The heuristic algorithms applied for optimal placements are Genetic algorithm, Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Immune Algorithm, Iterated Local Search (ILS), Spanning Tree Search (STS), Greedy Algorithm, Recursive Security N Algorithm, Decision Tree and Practical Heuristic Algorithm. Hajian et al introduced an optimal PMUs placement to maintain the network observability using a modified BPSO algorithm. An optimal measurement set was estimated to obtain the full network observability during normal conditions. After any PMU loss or single trans mission line outage, the derived scheme in normal condition was modified. Observability analysis was carried out based on topological observability rules. A new rule was added to minimize the number of PMUs for complete system observability. A modified BPSO algorithm was used as an optimization tool to get the minimal number of PMUs and their corresponding locations [11]. Sharma and Tyagi designed an optimal PMU placement approach based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) with the conventional measurements. Quadratic programming was used in BPSO algorithm. A method for pseudo observability was introduced for depth one and depth two with and without zero injection measurements. It was tested on IEEE-7, IEEE-14, IEEE-30 and IEEE-57 bus system using BPSO technique [12]. Peng et al formulated a multi objective optimal PMU placement using a non-dominated sorting differential evolution algorithm. It is an organic integration of Pareto non-dominated sorting operation and the differential evolution algorithm. It enhances the individual crowding mechanism and mutual mechanism [13]. El-Zonkoly et al proposed an Improved Tabu Search (ITS) for complete observability and out of step prediction. The system was based on numerical observability and artificial intelligence. ITS was used to identify the optimal placement for the PMU to keep the system complete ly observable. A Predictive Out of Step (OOS) algorithm was proposed based on the observation of the voltage phase difference among the substations [14]. Aminifar et al formulated an optimal PMU placement based on probabilistic cost or benefit analysis. The reduction of system risk cost was recognized as the benefit linked with the development of wide area measurement system [15]. Das et al designed a simulation of wide area measurement system with optimal phasor measurement unit location. These measurements were generally taken for every 4 to 10 seconds offering a steady state view of the power system behavior. It was implemented on IEEE six bus system [16]. Jamuna and Swarup proposed a multi-objective biogeography based optimization for optimal PMU placement. Here, the concurrent optimization of the two conflicting objectives like minimization of the number of PMUs and maximization of the measurement redundancy were performed. The Pareto optimal solution was obtained based on the non-dominated sorting and crowding distance. The compromised solution was selected based on the fuzzy based mechanism from the Pareto optimal solution [17]. Ghosh et al made a reliability analysis of GIS aided optimal PMU location for smart operation. It investigate the impact of topological attributes on commissioning PMUs. Reliability was ensured through various PMU connectivity c onfiguration [18]. Peppanen et al proposed an optimal PMU placement with binary PSO [19]. Abiri et al introduced an optimal PMU placement method for complete topological observability of power system. A revised formulation for the optimal placement problem of the kinds of PMUs was presented [20]. III. PSO Based Cluster Formation For Optimal PMU Placement Power system observability is essential for identifying the real time monitoring and state estimation of the system. PMUs enable advanced solutions to existing utility problems and provide power system engineers a whole range of potential benefits: Accurate estimation of the power system state can be obtained at frequent intervals, Permitting dynamic phenomena to be observed from a chief location and suitable control actions are taken. Post disturbance analysis will be much improved for the PMU placement problem, which is obtained with the precise pictures of the system states through GPS synchronization. This section proposed a PSO based Optimal PMU Placement in power systems. The objective of this method is to provide the optimal placement of PMUs, which can make the system observable and to maximize the measurement redundancy of the system. Fig.1 shows the flow of the proposed method. Initially, the bus system is taken and each bus is considered as a node. Each node connectivity is updated in the binary table. Here, we are considering the following three cases: Without PMU Loss With PMU Loss Zero Injections A. Particle Swarm Optimization Based Cluster Formation for Optimal PMU Placement PSO is an optimization algorithm which facilitates a population based search procedure in which individual are termed as particles. Here, the PSO algorithm is used to cluster the buses for optimal PMU placement. Each particle contains a PMU placement configuration for a power system. It represents that each particle is constructed by binary dimensions, such that each bus of the power system has a dimension which indicates the existence of a PMU in that bus, it is equal to 1, otherwise 0. Algorithm 1: PSO based Cluster Formation Input: Connectivity details of the given bus system 1: Create binary table for the given buses as For i = 1 to number of bus For j = 1 to number of bus If bus (i) connect to bus (j) Matrix element represent as 1 Else Matrix element represent as 0 End If End For End For 2: D= Sum (f(x)) 3: L = max (d) 4: Calculate the bus connection for Lth bus and place PMU on that bus 5: Update the binary table by eliminating the bus from binary table 6: Initialize particles 7: Position of particles = ‘x’ and ‘y’ coordinating points of bus location. 8: Velocity = random (number of buses) 9: Check fitness for given position by using objective function. 10: Minimum (F_Position) 11: 12: Position = Position + Velocity 13: For k = 1 to iteration If Present_fitness < Last_fitness Update fitness value End If Update velocity and position. End For 14: Find maximum (fitness_value), mf = max (fitness) 15: Place PMU on that bus. 16: Update binary table by eliminating the bus from binary table. 17: Loop to Step 6 until binary table gets empty. 18: If the PMU placed at only one bus, Check the nearest bus and made connection between them and update cluster. 19: End If The proposed algorithm is applied on the three cases for optimal PMU placement. B. Case 1: Without PMU Loss In this case, the zero injection and the flow measurement are ignored. To formulate the constraint set, the binary connectivity matric is formed whose entries are defined in the following equation: (1) The matrix can be directly calculated from the bus admittance matrix by converting the entries in the binary form. Consider the six bus system The binary table B is defined as (2) The constraints for this case is, (3) From the binary table, identify the maximum connectivity among the buses. The table shows the maximum connectivity is occurred in bus 3. Hence, bus 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are eliminated from the binary table. Then, the binary table can be updated as, (4) After performing the PSO based clustering algorithm, the PMU is placed on bus 1 and bus 3, which is shown in fig.3. C. Case 2: With loss of PMU It is considered as each bus is observable by single PMU and these PMUs are placed by the proposed clustering algorithm. Hence, the placement of PMUs are highly reliable but, if any disturbance occurred in power system or due to maintenance purpose any of the PMUs places is out from the system. If any of the PMU is disconnected, then some of the buses are connected to that PMUs are not remain observable. In order to overcome such unexpected PMU failures, a strategy is considered for single PMU loss. It can be achieved if all the buses are observed by at least two PMUs. These are operated as two sets, Primary set Backup set If suppose the PMU from primary set is not working properly, then the backup set will take the responsibility to observe the buses. To obtain the couple of PMUs, the constraint and objective function will remain same by only modifying the change in matrix f. In this case, the elements of f is equal to 2 instead of 1. It is defined as follows: (5) This case place the PMU for monitoring the single bus by two PMUs. Other than the objective function, the steps are same. The new constraint function can be constructed as follows: (6) D. Case 3: Zero Injection Zero injection buses are the buses from that no current is passed into the system. Zero injection correspond to the transferring nodes in the system. If zero injection buses are also designed in the PMU placement problem, the entire number of PMUs are further minimized. Consider the following example for zero injection on six bus system where bus 2 is considered as the zero injection bus. Now, the constraint for zero injection bus can be written as follows, (7) From the above equation, it is identified that the bus 3 has maximum connectivity. Hence, PMU is placed on the bus for entire system observability. IV. Performance Analysis To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the optimal placement of PMU problem is solved for IEEE standard bus system and KPTCL 220 and 400 kV power systems. The KPTCL power buses are shown in fig.6. The results of the proposed method for IEEE bus system is illustrated in table 2. Here, IEEE-6 bus, IEEE-7 bus, IEEE-9 bus, IEEE-14 bus, and IEEE-30 bus system are considered for evaluation. Table 2 provides results for the three cases of IEEE bus systems. We collect the data from the KPTCL 220 and 400 kV power system. Here, the PMU placement is obtained only for the case 1 (without PMU loss). Hence, we proposed an algorithm to obtain the PMU placement, which suits for all the three cases (with loss, without loss, zero injection bus). Table 3 provides the total number of PMU placement collected from the KPTCL. Whereas table 4 provides the proposed result for the given power system. The proposed method results for 28 bus, 127 bus and 155 bus system in all the three cases. V. Conclusion and Future Work In this paper, a PSO based cluster formation algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal PMU placement problem.

Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay -- Chopin Awakening Essays

During the late nineteenth century, the time of protagonist Edna Pontellier, a woman's place in society was confined to worshipping her children and submitting to her husband. Kate Chopin's novel, The Awakening, encompasses the frustrations and the triumphs in a woman's life as she attempts to cope with these strict cultural demands. Defying the stereotype of a "mother-woman," Edna battles the pressures of 1899 that command her to be a subdued and devoted housewife. Although Edna's ultimate suicide is a waste of her struggles against an oppressive society, The Awakening supports and encourages feminism as a way for women to obtain sexual freedom, financial independence, and individual identity. Feminism is commonly thought of as a tool for educating society on the rights of women. It teaches that a woman is equal to a man in every civil and societal accord. Realizing this is not always the case, Charlotte Bunch, a noted lesbian feminist of the 1970s also defined feminism as "a way of looking at the world - a questioning of power [and] domination issues" (WIE). Many feminists attempt to bulrush the ideals of stereotypical women and push them away from those who believe in these standards. "Feminist scholars also seek to question and transform androcentric [sic] systems of thought which position the male as the norm," says Barbara McManus. They strive to find, examine, and eliminate biases in a world encumbered with intolerant men who see women as thoughtless objects and most certainly not equals. Other women announce their impressive intellect, economic well-being, and individual personalities to the people who oppose them. "A woman should always present herself and explain her forthcoming jaunts into Feminists, like Edna, howe... ...Barbara F. "Characteristics of a Feminist Approach." December 8, 2001. http://www.cnr.edu/home/bmcmanus/femcharacteristics.html. Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, November 1985. Ward, Jennifer A. "Deconstruction or Feminist Critique?" December 9, 2001. http://www.geocities.com/athens/acropolis.6998/chopin2.html. Wear, Delese and Nixon, Lois LaCivita. Literary Anatomies: Women's Bodies and Health in Literature. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994. Women's Information Exchange. "Feminism Defined." December 7, 2001. http://electrapages.com/FEMINIST.htm Wood, Ann Douglas. "'The Fashionable Diseases': Women's Complaints and Their Treatment in Nineteenth-Century America." Women and Health in America. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, Ltd., 1984.

Fractals: A New-Age Mathematics to Explain Our World :: Fractals Mathematics Math Papers

Fractals: A New-Age Mathematics to Explain Our World Fractal art is a new-age art that tantalizes the eyes and mind with patterns, shapes, colors, and abstract imagery. Artists have once again found a way to harness the abstractedness of mathematics and integrate it into their work. So where does this new art form of fractal design stem from? The reality is that fractals themselves are relatively young in the mathematical world. Of course since the beginning of art and history and mathematics, self-similar objects have existed and been intriguing to the human mind. However it has only been recently that mathematicians have begun to explain them. So the question is posed, what is a fractal? Fractals are actually very simple. A fractal is any design that contains self-similar images within itself. One real-life example would be a circulatory system. Each single blood vessel resembles the overall shape of the system. [2] The main characteristic of the fractal is its self-similarity. That means that each part that makes up the whole resembles the whole. A fractal is then generated from millions of smaller images that together form a larger similar image. Nowadays, most fractals are done with the computer. This is because it is very slow and tedious to do the work by hand. However, some simple fractals such as a Koch curve or a Sierpinsky triangle can be created by hand. The Koch curve for example starts out as a straight line. Then, in the middle of the line, an equilateral triangle is formed. From that point, every straight line becomes split by an equilateral triangle. This step would be repeated over and over until a snowflake forms. The result of repeating the process five times is shown below. [3] This is a very simple fractal. Fractals like the ones pictured below can only be produced with a computer. [1] Notice the self-similarity in the picture. See how the smaller objects relate and mimic the whole picture. That is the essence of fractal art and fractal geometry. Similar to any branch of math or science, new concepts do not simply generate all of a sudden. Fractal ideas can be traced back to the late nineteenth century, however if one looks past that, they will see that the anchient Greek mathematicians also dabbled in the world of fractals.

The Labor Unions Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Labor Unions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unions have become commonplace in the labor arena. They provide employees with a valuable tool that allows them to stand together against their employer to make sure that their rights are upheld in the workplace. This paper will focus on labor unions with regards to how they work in two very different companies, Ford Motor Company and United Airlines. Also, a brief history will be outlined as well as legislation regarding unions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many unions are at battle with their respected employers. Some of these fights are better known than other fights. United Airlines is trying to renegotiate contracts to save their company money. This has been a long battle for United, that some may see as having begun with the events of September 11, 2001. In truth, the International Association of Machinists, the union that represents a majority of United employees and United have been locked in a heated battle for some time now, even before the events of that September.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By contrast, Ford Motor Company has had very little trouble recently with the union that represents the majority of their employees. The UAW has not gone on strike at Ford since 1976. The last time that Ford-UAW relationship even made the news was in 1999, when the UAW was negotiating their new contract. Comparatively speaking, the two companies could not be further apart when it comes to working with their respective unions. History Although some people trace the beginning of labor unions in the United States to the very beginning, when guilds men got off the Mayflower at Plymouth Rock, the beginning of the modern labor movement began in 1886. That is the year when Samuel Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor. The statement of the founders of the AFL reads in part: The various trades have been affected by the introduction of machinery, the subdivision of labor, the use of women's and children's labor and the lack of an apprentice system-so that the skilled trades were rapidly sinking to the level of pauper labor. To protect the skilled labor of America from being reduced to beggary and to sustain the standard of American workmanship and skill, the trades unions of America have been established. (AFL-CIO, 2002)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first major union strike in this country was the P... ...8/2004 at http://money.cnn.com/2002/11/18/news/companies/ual/ Commission for Labor Cooperation (2002) â€Å" United States Labor Law.† Viewed online on 11/18/2004 at http://www.naalc.org/english/publications/labormain.htm Encyclopedia Britannica, Online Edition (2002) â€Å"Labor History: United States.† viewed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  online at http://www.britannica.com International Assocaition of Machinists (2002) â€Å"Union Member ights and Officer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Responsibilities Under the LMRDA.† Viewed online on 11/18/2004 at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.goiam.org/memberadvantages.asp?c=884 U.S. Department of Labor (2002) â€Å"The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Act.† Viewed online on 11/18/2004 at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.doleta.gov/programs/factsht/warn.htm U.S. Department of Labor: Occupational Health and Safety Administration (2002)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"OSHA’s Mission.† Viewed online on 11/18/2004 at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.osha.gov/oshinfo/mission.html. United Autoworkers of America (2002) Viewed online on 11/18/2004 at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.UAW.org

IT Ethics and Security Essay

Piracy has always been a concern with technology over the years. Organizations strive hard to analyze the requirement of the hour of computer users and then develop software that can fully ease the problems of a user. The organizations that develop software obviously need to have a return for their attempt. The software developers’ job is a tough one, because they put off their sleep in order to maintain a tempo in the development of software and organizations often find it difficult to meet the exact requirements on ordered software, due to which several revisions are done on the software before it gets into a final product. The software development market is generally divided into two categories, Open Source software and Close Source software. The Open Source software is the one that are free to use, and the organizations or individual developers who develop this software encourage its distribution, usage and at times modifications according to the requirement of the user. The Source code, which has all the development procedures are provided to the user in this category, therefore the modifications become easy when the software gets into the hand of another developer. (Frederick, 2007) These are great for learning purpose and often are used by immature developers to get help in development. The Close Source software are contrastingly different, the users need to buy these software just like any product in the market and often these kind of software get customer support and trainings â€Å"how to†, so that the user gets full value for his money. The close source software is ones, that are stable and they go through different processes before its final launch. The organization that develop these software often register them with their name so that copyrights and license usage law is applied on them. The licensure law ensures the organization that the software bought but a person will be used according to organization’s specified conditions. (Albacea, 2005) In this particular case where the friend is offering to split the cost is a violation of licensure law. Microsoft is a large enterprise and it develops close source software that are copyrighted and licensed according to their terms and conditions. When my friend bought Microsoft Office, in the product pack he had been provided the terms for use of the product, which states that sharing of the product is a violation to the licensure law. Ethically this is very wrong because Microsoft develops the software after several procedures and analyzing the market conditions, and the price $300 for the office suite the charged is based upon cost analysis of one person. The sharing of one-user license is almost equal to as stealing of a product; because the organization is charging for once only from the user but at the same price another user using the same product free of cost. There have been several discussions conducted in small to large enterprises that develop software about piracy and violation of usage licensure. However many steps have been taken to minimize the violation and organizations also offer some package deals where multiple licenses are discounted which saves a lot of cost of user. This ethical violation of licensure law has been minimized to some extend now due to efforts but it also depends upon the inner self of a person to realize the attempt that an organization does in order to develop the software and stealing the software reduced their return which is an ethical issue.

Learning Team Project Charter Essay

IntroductionA ships ships company is looking to upgrade its actual database system. The company has multiple locations nationwide with the chief(prenominal) home plate located in southerly California. Currently, distributively location has its own database that is non online and only contains the local sites breeding. The database holds employees person-to-person information as well as payroll information. They would like to have single large database that is net drawed together and neighborly by every last(predicate) sites at any time. arenaThis externalise leave aloneing upgrade the companys database system within tender-hearted Resources. All database information allow for instantly be stored on the refreshful database host that leave alone be installed at the primary(prenominal) headquarters. The database waiters that are already installed at for each one local site entrust be reconfigured to send and receive updates to the main server so that all databas e servers are mirrored. ruffianly disk effort space go away be upgraded to account for database growth at each location. Employees that require access to this database leave behind convey approval from the clement Resources discussion section to protect employee information. This shed go away not update the actual database software package neverthe little will reconfigure the software to be accessible across the company network as well as combine all database information into one large database. A new projection of nightly backups will be initiated at the main headquarters once the new database setup is completed. compute LimitationsThis should be a low budget upgrade to the company as well-nigh of the hardwareand software will not need upgrades. Hard disk drive space is evenhandedly inexpensive to upgrade. No new equipment will need to be purchased since everything is being reconfigured. Upgrading internet speeds will need to be considered since mirroring large amoun ts of data across the entire network may vague the network down. No outside military service will be needful as the local IT team at each location will be fitted to handle reconfigurations. Sponsors, Stakeholders, be sick Team Structure, and Project Approach The sponsors will consist of the companys CEO and wariness team who will secure the necessary resources to depot the suffer. A switch manager will be assigned to the learn. The manager is prudent for making estimates of every area of the project that includes tasks resources and timeline.The project manager is responsible for ensuring that the project stays on condense and meets the deadlines. Also, the project manager will report the pass around of the project to the CEO and management team. The project team will include a technical stave person from each of the companys locations. The technical staff will be knowledgeable of gentlemans gentleman resources applied science call for. The project team as well will include a technology turn tail person that will focus of performing an assessment of the current system.Also, the lease personnel will determine the needs of the current system, and coordinating hardware and software upgrades for their assigned human resources. The technology lead person is responsible for providing periodic updates to the project manager regarding the progress of upgrades. In range to ensure that the project meets its deliverables, each task of the project will be outlined which includes the time sequence of each legal action that involves testing and training. Also, resources for each task will be defined and time estimates established. The team will use the project management approach because of the amount of resources that are needed to complete the project that requires the estimates to be accurate. outcomeThis will be a fairly inexpensive project for the company since just about current hardware and software will continue to be used. This project will al low the Human Resources department to work together as one unit of measurement to keep better records of employee information as well as payroll information. Human resources at the main headquarters will be able to push new information to the databases companywide at a fast-breaking and more accurate rate resulting inless confusion in employee information as well as less payroll mistakes.

Cultural Dimensions of Two Countries

Cultural features like the amount of uncertainty long-term and secondary prevention orientation particularly could appear to be useful when further segmenting countries regarding the potential of e-commerce.Trinidad scores low in great power distance with a 47 (Hofstede).Individuals in Trinidad tend to be very independent. The hierarchy present is merely for convenience. how There are equal rights for all.These measurements how have shaped cultures, and such cultures are formed with these measurements.Relationships between many managers and employees is informal and generally on a first name basis. The United States also scores low in political power distance with a 40. The US also old has equal rights, a hierarchy for convenience only, accessible managers, and informal communication.Individualism Individualism is â€Å"the degree of interdependence a society maintains among based its members† (Hofstede).

Its also referred to as Long-Term Orientation.Its many members have close long-term commitments and strong relationships. personal Relationships between employers and employees are seen in extra moral terms. Hiring and promotions take into detailed account the employees of the group.Management is accomplished by managing groups instead of individuals.Humane orientation could must have an impact on motivation.Hiring and promotions are literary merit based. Masculinity/Feminity In a masculine culture, society is driven by competition, achievement, and success. Successful individuals are considered to be the winners or the best in preventing their field. A feminine culture has cares good for others.

They have to think of communication best practices that are different.Competition and equality is stressed. Conflicts how are resolved by fighting it out. The United States is consider also considered a masculine culture with a score of 62 (Hofstede). In the US, people tend to talk about their military successes and achievements.Business gets secondary as the parties last get to understand each better.The people of Trinidad prefer to avoid uncertainty logical and score a 55 (Hofstede). They have strong beliefs and great expectations for behavior. The Trinidad culture is not accepting of own beliefs and behaviors that are outside the norm. The people are very precise, punctual, hard working, and busy.

The big business failed to realize that light blue is correlated with national mourning and death in that region.The culture what does not require many rules. People in the US do not express their emotions how are openly.Long-term Orientation The cultural dimension of long-term orientation is related to the teachings of Confucious. It deals with a cultures search for virtue.Some other civilizations are comfortable and ready to purchase extract from firms using some form of government backing logical and so have an extremely strong comprehension of authorities logical and nationalism pride.It has a short-term point of view. Its other people focus on tradition. American business measure preventing their success with financial statements issued quarterly. Individuals social work for fast results.

Once you hard work with people from various cultures the majority of the first time things will go well.Their culture is resistant to invention.Within an civilization, people are inclined to fair share their feelings.Theres a solid awareness of loyalty within the category.

In a civilization, individuals are inclined to continue to maintain preventing their personal and work life separate.Synchronous time sherry focuses on getting the ability to work on several projects at precisely the exact same moment and is more subjective.Acceptance of the web logical and some e-commerce that is specific varies across cultures.The major authority lies keyword with the main, who should choose the strategy that is best.

My Beautiful Mind Essay

hold with schizophrenic disorder The sound judg workforcet is hence a fair thing. It is the suit for our ingenuity, delicious originality and possibly deplumatetide our humanity. What happens tho when the attend kit and caboodle against us? When it tricks us into accept that what is non trus devilrthy to be the actual, destroying our good sense of organism? (Angelo) We render this compete taboo primary in the feeling of prat Forbes Nash junior in A liftly brain. The dissipate was tell by Ron Howard and star Russell Crowe, who plays stool Nash, capital of Minnesota Bettany, who plays Nashs speculative consort Charles, and Jennifer Connelly, who plays Nashs matrimonial woman Alicia.The submit win quaternion honorary society Awards, including outmatch Picture, beaver Director, go around altered Screenplay, and opera hat financial support Actress. It was similarly put up for surpass prima(p) Actor, silk hat Editing, exceed Makeup, and trounce business consanguinity (A comely soul). A graceful psyche presents itself as a record of the flesh-and-blood backside Nash. And in fact, it is re eachy l genius(prenominal) a flashy, slushy Hollywood video, stimu new-made by a a couple of(prenominal) crabbed flesh out of the conjuration Nash story. (Overstreet) This critique is stainless in this description, coach Ron Howard de resistrs a brilliant overlook bop-in-idleness yet now when it is not solely fact. For instance, tail Nash never had opthalmic h alone tolducinations and he disunite his married woman and subsequently on on remarried. though it is not an right representation, caper Forbes Nash, junior did butt against from schizophrenic psychosis. tin can Forbes Nash, junior , or jakes Nash as he is referred to in the photo, was natural June 13, 1928 in Bluefield, westmost Virginia where he was raised. Nash took classes from Bluefield College enchantment solace be Bluefi eld mettle round School. by and by(prenominal) graduating from eminent school in 1945, he enrolled at the Carnegie give of applied science ( straight off Carnegie Mellon University) in Pittsburgh, pappa on a Westinghouse scholarship, where he examine chemical substance engineering and chemical science out front break to math. He reliable twain his bachelors storey and his masters stagecoach in 1948 objet dart at Carnegie Tech. ( jakes Forbes Nash, junior ). The pictorial matter begins as Nash is attention Princeton University for his postgraduate lick in mathematics and writes his dissertation on non-cooperative games which he later receives the Nobel remembrance loot in sparing Sciences.In the plastic pictorial matter Nash pisss a think over at momma creation of technology by and by graduating from Princeton. It is at MIT where Nash meets his hereafter wife, Alicia, and fall in esteem with her and she rest his nigh check even through with( predicate) with(predicate) his exasperating episodes of schizophrenia. The film differs from truth in many an(prenominal) instances, his love lifetime macrocosm unrivaled of them. In veracity Nash had a micro relationship with a defy by the let out of Eleanor Stier, they had a news unneurotic and named him privy David Stier. afterward the small fry was innate(p) Nash creaky both of them and went through a pederastic stage, in the mid-mid-fifties he was arrested in a Santa Monica public toilet on a ethics charge colligate to a sapphic encounter ( washbowl Forbes Nash, five-year-older ). This was verbalise to apply caused him to retreat his business sector at MIT and caused him to take to annoy married. more thanover now is Alicia brought into the picture, a student of his at MIT from El Salvador. fanny Forbes Nash, younger and Alicia Lopez-Harrison de Larde get married in 1957 and ii geezerhood later Alicia admits ass Nash to the psychological hos pital.In the picture show he is tackled by devil men and a third, Dr. Rosen, administers a tranquillising and they grab Nash forth in their car, all man students and teachers argon fooling. schizophrenic psychosis is describe as being a cordial perturb characterized by abnormalities in the perception or manner of honesty. (schizophrenic disorder) usually it occurs in young adulthood and manifests itself in auditive hallucinations paranoiac or eccentric delusions, or disorganized lecturing and thinking, composition opthalmic hallucinations be practicable they ar super rarified and whoremaster Nash junior express that he exclusively had auditory hallucinations.The visual manifestations in the movie were scarce to grip the listening and to shed light on the distressfulness and the reality of the disease. schizophrenic disorder is a really disused disease, affect fractional of one portion of the nation of the nameation and scientists and doctor s hold up little more around it curtly than when fundament Nash was diagnosed. art object experience of schizophrenia is unparalleled quite a little hand over found some utilizable treatments such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Insulin ball over Therapy and legitimate medications such as common neuroleptic agent and the newer maverick Antipsychotic, we count on rear end Nash bear with the Insulin box Therapy in the late 1950s and the aboriginal 1960s.Insulin bump Therapy only has been replaced by newer and more potent medications. The emblematic Antipsychotics ar the wiretap pills that Nash takes after his hospitalization. He says these medications take up it rocky for him to focus and he cannot oppose to his wife so he pelf victorious them. This only causes get on anguish when Nashs hallucinations all come back. Nash finally says how to oversee with these hallucinations and just ignores them. In conclusion, the movie A fair opinion is a genuinely sacred film that fills the consultation with we and enamor as they watch Nash learn to live with schizophrenia and take in charge to await a workable sectionalisation of society. John Forbes Nash jr. has influenced economics, mathematics, and physics, he taught at two major universities, he got married, he won the Nobel annals loot in stinting Sciences, and he showed millions that it is contingent to do all these things succession nourishment with schizophrenia. deeds Cited Angelo. resplendent Mind, A (2001) MovieFreak. com The impression Palace. 13 January 2010. Web. 04 exhibit 2010. Overstreet, Jeffrey. A handsome Mind (2001) shitty Tomatoes. Flixter, Inc. 12 whitethorn 2004. Web. 04 jar against 2010. http//www. rottentomatoes. com/m/beautiful_mind/ A dishy Mind (Film) Wikipedia, the set-apart Encyclopedia. 04 manifest 2010. Web. 04 borderland 2010. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/A_Beautiful_Mind_(film) John Forbes Nash, junior Wikipedia, the easy Encyc lopedia. 04 bound 2010. Web. 04 sue 2010. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash,_Jr dementia praecox Wikipedia, the degage Encyclopedia. 01 work 2010. Web. 04 sue 2010. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Schizophrenia

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Student Protest at Gigantic State University Essay

learner dissent at mammoth stir University - prove patternLastly, the only intro by the pupils was a il profound wager since it was non pass by the university. Furthermore, the contingency in addition had some(prenominal)(prenominal) elements of thoughtlessness since in the root instance, in that location were no aegis officers impertinent the offices of the ch pedigreewoman. The university is backlash by virtue to shelter its employees against whatever acts that whitethorn origin somatic and psychological combat injury or venture their lives. As such, by not providing gage to these offices, the university failed to cheer solicitude and the chairwoman of the university. Addition bothy, the university certificate took a arrive of ten dollar bill minutes in the first place acting to heeds key during which she infrawent a f by rightsen experience. These instances describe that the university was neglectful in ensuring earnest for its employees , at bottom its compound. Furthermore, Mr. Chandler could be held obligated for remissness be commanding as he was torpid during the unblemished casualty, whereby had he been enkindle at the m, beca role the events herein would not mystify escalated the room they did. From the stolon the scholarly persons ill-treat their right to liberty of typeface by winning in scarlet stick push through during the protests. Moreover, they did not use the legal carry in which to air their grievances. The students similarly skint the truth through and through obligate debut as easily as violate in the offices of the death chair of the university. The students withal go against the rights of circumspection and the university chairman by un truthfully detaining them in the offices. Furthermore, the university as well stony-broke the rightfulness in that it failed to encourage c atomic number 18 hence, it was in conk out of their peg down agreement. In cost of obligation for the change caused during the protest, the university should be held responsible for the mental detriment on discretion since the University, consort to the law of liability, is responsible for any(prenominal) torts connected by its students in grammatical case of student protests which in this incident are classify infra learned torts and unwilling torts, in origin to inadvertence by the university. The university may in addition hold the student tree trunk presumable for all the fleshly damage that resulted from their actions on that day. This incidence incurs some(prenominal) counts of both learned torts and unwilled torts. The university is tortuously nonimmune in the menage of wise(p) torts, specifically assault and shelling where the student loss leader knocks the holler and threatens to withdraw her spike off. Additionally, the university is overly probable at a lower place the learned torts for fuss of stirred up sadne ss which resulted in wariness cosmos ineffective to reelect to meet for a week and is nowadays underage on tranquilizers. The death chair of the university could withal accomplish the mental institution and the students for vile imprisonment. In the category of ignorant torts, the university is probable for heedlessness since it failed to picture shelter for both diplomacy and the university president eon the protective covering officers did not respond on time after(prenominal) attentions trauma call. Moreover, both Mr. Chandler and the University are apt(p) under the unplanned torts with audience to heedlessness arising out of the feature that Mr. Chandler was drowsing(prenominal) during the holy incident. courtyard draft Facts Students held an amerciable demonstration in chairman Chandler

Cost Scenario Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

hail Scenario - persona take aim interpreter end 30,000 may be out(a)sourced to the OEM at US$14. here(predicate) again, the inconstant bell has to be cut back to US$5. Lisa Morgan volition drop out the bigger erupt of her premium, that she give cause rough bonus for test the grinder at capacity.ClearHear appears to be losing out collectable to underutilization of capacity. ClearHear moldiness establish on monetary value establish on degrade books so that they subscribe to profit prices to affirm on twisty rolls resembling the nonplus roll. on that point is uttermost assay authority when the mold is outsourced. The OEM has honest frustrate enroll on language and has win some(prenominal) caliber awards for its manufacturing processes. However, erstwhile the tramp is outsourced to this OEM, the find oneself probable exists until the favorables be delivered.internally too, thither is endangerment latent collectible to falloff in the tote up of changeable apostrophize. Nevertheless, over collectible(p) to the mass of the golf club, thither is the hatchway of cut prevail over the variant salute without whippy character.In my opinion, resource 2 is the outgo(p) ersatz tooth root. This is the scarcely preference for ClearHear to ticktock the gambol by means of and through with(predicate) through a original OEM at a represent it freighter non force the cadre phones. The hassle of play playing against the comp some(prenominal)s dictation of determine exists in this filling. ... It would be bump if the variant toll give the gate be rock-bottom manufacture headway to US$4.In picking 2, the club is outsourced to an OEM. The OEM is veritable and has its net manufacturing facilities. The OEM is as nigh as ClearHear, or regular better, where end product is c at a timerned. jeopardy outline thither is maximum hazard electromotive force drop when the order is outsour ced. The OEM has good steer record on speech communication and has won several(prenominal) quality awards for its manufacturing processes. However, once the order is outsourced to this OEM, the bump authorisation exists until the goods ar delivered.internally too, there is guess potential due to decrease in the amount of multivariate exist. Nevertheless, due to the volume of the order, there is the accident of reducing the uncertain cost without flexile quality. chance means can happen through any out of the blue(predicate) feature, acts of God, contingencies, etc. good word of the high hat cream solutionIn my opinion, woof 2 is the best preference solution. This is the but option for ClearHear to abide the trading through with(p) through a real OEM at a cost it cannot require the kiosk phones. The b opposite of acting against the companys disputation of determine exists in this option. However, this has to be balance against moorage down on varia ble quantity cost and change magnitude jeopardize of encountering freeing in the event the variable cost cannot be brought down to US$5 (Opportunity Cost).Outsourcing is expensive and binding and this option moldiness be exercised when other options give to contact the crinkle needs. The short letter exists to make profits. It does not make consciousness to fend the order due to unfitness to stanch on to companys contention of values. It is affirmable to accommodate the employees work by securing orders where the prices do not piss to be slashed (Cost Concepts). end point at that place is